Procedia Engineering, Volume 42, 2012, Pages 585–594
Effect of Tetralin, Decalin and Naphthalene as
Hydrogen Donors in the Upgrading of Heavy Oils
L.O. Alemán-Vázquez a, J.L.Cano-Domínguez b,
J.L. García-Gutiérrez b
a Mexican Petroleum Institute. Transformation Processes Program, Pachuca-Cd.
Sahagún Road km.7.5, Canacintra Industrial Park, Mineral de la Reforma, Hgo.,
C.P. 42186, Mexico
b Mexican Petroleum Institute. Transformation Processes Program, Eje Central
Lázaro Cárdenas Norte 152, San Bartolo Atepehuacan, Mexico, D. F., C.P. 07730,
Mexico
Abstract
Heavy crude oils typically are upgraded by
thermal cracking or hydrocracking. These
methods are based on carbon rejection and hydrogen addition routes. The processes have a number of unresolved
problems yet to be solved. They include
coke deposition both on the reactor walls and on the catalyst, low quality of
products and low efficiency of usage of hydrogen. An efficient technology for the production of
high quality distillates from heavy oils or residua has yet to be developed.
The use of hydrogen donors is an interesting
alternative for improving the yield of valuable liquid products in the
hydroprocessing of heavy feeds. The
donors usually consist of polycyclic naphthenic-aromatic or naphthenic
compounds that can be reversibly hydrogenated-dehydrogenated in the reacting
mixture. The molecules of the hydrogen
donors are dehydrogenated, transferring hydrogen atoms to the heavy
hydrocarbons in the oil. This improves
the quality of the cracked products and minimizes the polymerization of the
heavier molecules via a free radicals mechanism. Authors focus on the effect of tetralin,
decalin and naphthalene as hydrogen donors (Hdonors) in the thermal cracking of
a Mexican heavy crude oil (12.1 °API) in the presence of hydrogen or methane as
reducing agents.
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