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Abstract
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The
scalable three-dimensional (3-D) integration of functional nanostructures
into applicable platforms represents a promising technology for meeting the
ever-increasing demands of fabricating high performance devices featuring
cost-effectiveness, structural sophistication and multi-functional enabling.
Such an integration process generally involves a diverse array of
nanostructural entities (nano-entities) consisting of dissimilar nanoscale
building blocks such as nanoparticles, nanowires, and nanofilms made of
metals, ceramics, or polymers. Various synthetic strategies and integration
methods have enabled the successful assembly of both structurally and
functionally tailored nano-arrays into a unique class of monolithic devices.
The performance of nano-array based monolithic devices is dictated by a few
important factors such as materials substrate selection, nanostructure
composition and nano-architecture geometry. Therefore, the rational material
selection and nano-entity manipulation during the nano-array integration
process, aiming to exploit the advantageous characteristics of nanostructures
and their ensembles, are critical steps towards bridging the design of
nanostructure integrated monolithic devices with various practical
applications.
In
this article, we highlight the latest research progress of the two-dimensional
(2-D) and 3-D metal and metal oxide-based nanostructural integrations into
prototype devices applicable with ultrahigh efficiency, good robustness and
improved functionality. Select examples of nano-array integration, scalable
nanomanufacturing and representative monolithic devices such as catalytic
converters, sensors and batteries will be utilized as the connecting dots to
display a roadmap from hierarchical nanostructural assembly to practical
nanotechnology implications ranging from energy, environmental, to chemical
and biotechnology areas.
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