CATEGORY: MEMBRANES
Journal of Environmental Engineering and
Science, Volume 8, Issue 3, 01 November 2013 , pages 326 –339
Membrane
concentrate management options: a comprehensive critical review
Pamela Chelme-Ayala; Daniel W. Smith; Mohamed Gamal El-Din
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta,
Edmonton, AB T6G 2W2, Canada
Abstract
Because of the high quality of the product water, membrane processes have
become a competitive option to conventional treatment technologies.
Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis, in particular, have been found to remove
materials like natural organic matter, disinfection by-products, and
endocrine-disrupting compounds.
A
major drawback for the adoption of pressure-driven membrane processes is the
need for additional treatment of the concentrate stream. Few studies dealing
with membrane concentrate treatment have been published. Most of the studies
which have been published focus on the disposal of concentrate into receiving
water bodies and sewer systems. Authors review the characteristics of membrane
concentrate in terms of water quality and their impact on receiving water
bodies are discussed.
They also explore a variety of approaches to the removal of
pollutants and disposal options for membrane concentrates.
Full Text Source (Subscription or Fee): http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/content/article/10.1680/jees.2013.0033
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