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Abstract
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Describes a study of the composition of heavy
crude oil from the Ashalcha field in the Volga-Ural Basin, Republic of
Tatarstan and the peculiarities of the changes of its asphaltenes structural
phase characteristics in the model hydrothermal catalytic system. Researchers
determined that in the water vapor media the process of destruction of the
heavy crude oil high-molecular-weight components with the new light fraction
formation in the presence of a natural catalyst, namely, hematite, containing
iron oxide and at the temperatures of 210, 250, and 300 °C respectively,
takes place which has an effect on the changes in its component hydrocarbon,
fractional, and structural group composition as well as in the structural
parameters of its asphaltenes.
Research results revealed a
significant ability of asphaltene associates to immobilize their maltenes.
Within the process of oxidation cracking at the temperature of 300 °C and
under the low water content in the reaction system, the increase in
aromaticity and in the degree of association asphaltenes transform to
carben?carboids and then to coke and are precipitated out of the oil in the
solid form.
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