Identifying the fuels and energy conversion technologies necessary to meet European passenger car emissions legislation to 2020

CATEGORY: CARBON CAPTURE
Fuel, Volume 99, September 2012, Pages 88–105
Identifying the fuels and energy conversion technologies necessary to meet European passenger car emissions legislation to 2020
Justin D.K. Bishop a, Colin J. Axon b, Martino Tran a, David Bonilla c, David Banister c, Malcolm D. McCulloch d
a Oxford Martin School Institute for Carbon and Energy Reduction in Transport, c/o Department of Engineering Science, 17 Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
b School of Engineering and Design, Brunel University, Uxbridge, London UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
c Transport Studies Unit, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, United Kingdom
d Energy and Power Group, University of Oxford Department of Engineering Science, 17 Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
Abstract
Presents defensible calculations of best estimate and best-in-class WTT-Wheel To Tank pathways to supply conventional and non-conventional fuels. The estimates are weighted by the availability of resources.
The best estimate pathway is the peak of the distribution of WTT estimates obtained from the literature. The best-in-class pathway has the lowest greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per unit of fuel delivered and represents the state-of-the-art. The fuel pathways are paired with energy conversion technologies and compared with equivalent well-to-wheel (WTW) targets for 2015 and 2020.
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