Thermochemical Co-Liquefaction Of Estonian Kukersite Oil Shale With Peat And Pine Bark

CATEGORY: OIL SHALE
Oil Shale, 2012, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 222–236
Thermochemical Co-Liquefaction Of Estonian Kukersite Oil Shale With Peat And Pine Bark
Julia Krasulina∗, Hans Luik, Vilja Palu, Hindrek Tamvelius
julika82@mail.ru
Laboratory of Oil Shale and Renewables Research, Department of Polymer Materials, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
Abstract
Kukersite oil shale + pine bark, kukersite oil shale + peat as well as kukersite, bark and peat individually were submitted to thermochemical liquefaction in an autoclave with and without solvent for two hours at different temperatures from 340 to 420 °C. Water and benzene as solvents were used. The influence of several factors such as temperature, solvent and its type, and oil shale-to-peat or oil shale-to-biomass ratio on the yield of liquid, gaseous and solid products was investigated. The chemical composition of the goal liquid product separated as the benzene soluble oil was characterised by using FTIR-spectroscopy and ultimate analysis apparatus. Group composition of the oil was determined by using thin-layer chromatography. In co-liquefaction experiments several synergistic effects in product yields were observed. The most important synergistic effect was noticed at co-liquefaction of the mixture oil shale with peat (10 : 4 by mass of the organic matter) at 360 °C in the medium of water in which case the yield of the liquid product was 25% higher than the sum of corresponding yields obtained at liquefaction of oil shale and peat separately in the same experimental conditions. The group composition of oils shows that various polar and high-polar oxygen compounds prevail over hydrocarbon fractions. Data on the elemental and group composition demonstrate that partial substitution of biomass or peat for oil shale leads to obtaining chemically modified shale oil.
Introduction
Oil shales, hard and brown coals, biomass in its varieties, as well as industrial wastes of organic polymers represent an available feedstock of hydrocarbon crude, and their potential is being realized by developing advanced methods of destruction and liquefaction. Diversity in the assortment of source raw material for obtaining petroleum substitutes is a motive power impelling dynamic development of complex thermochemical co-liquefaction processes basing on pyrolysis or thermal dissolution methods. At present, studies on the potential of co-processing of varied feedstocks are highly topical on the world scale. Co-processing of biomass, plastic or rubber wastes with fossil fuels (mainly with coal and petroleum residues) has sometimes demonstrated higher efficiency and led to chemically modified products compared with processing of forenamed objects individually. The effect of kukersite oil shale co-processing with peat and biomass is the subject matter of this paper.
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